mwmrc — the Motif Window Manager Resource Description File

       The  buttonBindings  resource  value  is  the name of a set of button bindings that are used to configure
       window manager behavior.  A window manager function can be done when  a  button  press  occurs  with  the
       pointer  over  a  framed  client window, an icon or the root window. The context for indicating where the
       button press applies is also the context for invoking the window manager function when the  button  press
       is done (significant for functions that are context sensitive). The button binding syntax is

       Buttonsbindings_set_name{buttoncontextfunctionbuttoncontextfunction
           ...
           buttoncontextfunction}

       The  syntax for the context specification is: context = object[|context] object = root | icon | window |
       title | frame | border | app The context specification indicates where the pointer must be for the button
       binding to be effective. For example, a context of window indicates that  the  pointer  must  be  over  a
       client  window  or  window management frame for the button binding to be effective.  The frame context is
       for the window management frame around a client window (including the border and  titlebar),  the  border
       context  is  for  the  border part of the window management frame (not including the titlebar), the title
       context is for the title area of the window management frame, and the app context is for the  application
       window  (not  including  the  window  management  frame).  If an f.nop function is specified for a button
       binding, the button binding is not done.

       The  mwmrc  file  is a supplementary resource file that controls much of the behavior of the Motif window
       manager mwm.  It contains descriptions of resources that cannot easily be written using standard X Window
       System, Version 11 resource syntax. The resource description file contains entries that are  referred  to
       by  X  resources  in  defaults  files (for example, /etc/X11/app-defaults/Mwm) or in the RESOURCE_MANAGER
       property on the root window. For example, the resource description file enables you to specify  different
       types  of  window menus; however, an X resource is used to specify which of these window menus mwm should
       use for a particular window.

   Location
       The window manager searches for one of the following resource description files, where $LANG is the value
       of the language environment on a per-user basis:

       $HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc
       $HOME/.mwmrc
       /etc/X11/mwm/$LANG/system.mwmrc
       /etc/X11/mwm/system.mwmrc

       The first file found is the first used. If no file is found, a set of built-in specifications is used.  A
       particular  resource  description file can be selected using the configFile resource. The following shows
       how a different resource description file can be specified from the command line:

       /usr/bin/mwm -xrm "mwm*configFile: mymwmrc"

   ResourceTypes
       The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource description file:

       Buttons   Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with button events.

       Keys      Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with key press events.

       Menus     Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other menus posted with key bindings and  button
                 bindings.

$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc$HOME/.mwmrc/etc/X11/mwm/$LANG/system.mwmrc/etc/X11/mwm/system.mwmrc

       You may include other files into your mwmrc file by using the include construct. For example,

       INCLUDE
       {
           /usr/local/shared/mwm.menus
           /home/kmt/personal/my.bindings
       }

       causes  the  files  named to be read in and interpreted in order as an additional part of the mwmrc file.
       Include is a top-level construct. It cannot be nested inside another construct.

       The keyBindings resource value is the name of a set of key bindings that are  used  to  configure  window
       manager  behavior. A window manager function can be done when a particular key is pressed. The context in
       which the key binding applies is indicated in the key binding specification.  The valid contexts are  the
       same as those that apply to button bindings. The key binding syntax is:

       Keysbindings_set_name{keycontextfunctionkeycontextfunction
           ...
           keycontextfunction}

       If  an  f.nop function is specified for a key binding, the key binding is not done. If an f.post_wmenu or
       f.menu function is bound to a key, mwm automatically uses the same key for removing  the  menu  from  the
       screen  after  it has been popped up. The context specification syntax is the same as for button bindings
       with one addition. The context ifkey may be specified for binding keys that may not be available  on  all
       displays.   If  the  key  is  not  available  and if ifkey is in the context, then reporting of the error
       message to the error log is suppressed. This feature is useful for networked, heterogeneous environments.
       For key bindings, the frame, title, border, and app contexts are equivalent to the window  context.   The
       context  for  a  key  event is the window or icon that has the keyboard input focus (root if no window or
       icon has the keyboard input focus).

       Menus can be popped up using the f.post_wmenu and f.menu window manager functions. The context for window
       manager functions that are done from a menu is root, icon or window depending on how the menu was  popped
       up.  In  the  case of the window menu or menus popped up with a key binding, the location of the keyboard
       input focus indicates the context. For menus popped up using a button binding, the context of the  button
       binding is the context of the menu. The menu pane specification syntax is:

       Menumenu_name{label  [mnemonic]  [accelerator ]   functionlabel  [mnemonic]  [accelerator ]   function
           ...
           label  [mnemonic]  [accelerator ]   function}

       Each  line  in the Menu specification identifies the label for a menu item and the function to be done if
       the menu item is selected. Optionally a menu button mnemonic and a menu button keyboard  accelerator  may
       be  specified.  Mnemonics are functional only when the menu is posted and keyboard traversal applies. The
       label may be a string or a bitmap file. The label specification has the following syntax:

       label = text | bitmap_filebitmap_file = @file_nametext = quoted_item | unquoted_item

       The string encoding for labels must be compatible with the menu font that is used. Labels are greyed  out
       for  menu items that do the f.nop function or an invalid function or a function that doesn't apply in the
       current context. A mnemonic specification has the following syntax:

       mnemonic = _character

       The first matching character in the label is underlined.  If there is no matching character in the label,
       no mnemonic is registered with the window manager for that label. Although  the  character  must  exactly
       match  a character in the label, the mnemonic does not execute if any modifier (such as Shift) is pressed
       with the character key. The accelerator specification is a key event specification with the  same  syntax
       as is used for key bindings to window manager functions.

       The mwm resource description file is a standard text file that contains items of information separated by
       blanks,  tabs,  and  new  lines characters. Blank lines are ignored. Items or characters can be quoted to
       avoid special interpretation (for example, the comment character can be quoted to prevent it  from  being
       interpreted  as  the  comment character).  A quoted item can be contained in double quotes ("").  Single
       characters can be quoted by preceding them by the back-slash character (\). If a line ends with  a  back-
       slash, the next line is considered a continuation of that line. All text from an unquoted # to the end of
       the  line  is regarded as a comment and is not interpreted as part of a resource description. If ! is the
       first character in a line, the line is regarded as a comment.

   WindowManagerFunctions
       Window manager functions can be accessed with button and key bindings, and  with  window  manager  menus.
       Functions  are  indicated  as part of the specifications for button and key binding sets, and menu panes.
       The function specification has the following syntax:

       function = function_name [function_args]
       function_name = windowmanagerfunctionfunction_args = {quoted_item | unquoted_item}

       The following functions are supported. If a function  is  specified  that  isn't  one  of  the  supported
       functions then it is interpreted by mwm as f.nop.

       f.beep    This function causes a beep.

       f.circle_down [ icon | window]
                 This function causes the window or icon that is on the top of the window stack to be put on the
                 bottom  of  the window stack (so that it is no longer obscuring any other window or icon). This
                 function affects only those windows and icons that are obscuring other windows  and  icons,  or
                 that  are  obscured  by other windows and icons. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows)
                 are restacked with their associated primary window. Secondary windows always stay on top of the
                 associated primary window and there can be no  other  primary  windows  between  the  secondary
                 windows  and their primary window. If an icon function argument is specified, then the function
                 applies only to icons. If a window function argument is specified  then  the  function  applies
                 only to windows.

       f.circle_up [ icon | window]
                 This  function  raises  the window or icon on the bottom of the window stack (so that it is not
                 obscured by any other windows). This function affects only those windows  and  icons  that  are
                 obscuring  other  windows and icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary
                 windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window. If  an
                 icon  function  argument  is  specified  then  the function applies only to icons. If an window
                 function argument is specified then the function applies only to windows.

       f.execcommand (or !command)
                 This function causes command to be executed  (using  the  value  of  the  $MWMSHELL  or  $SHELL
                 environment  variable  if set; otherwise, /bin/sh ). The ! notation can be used in place of the
                 f.exec function name.

       f.focus_color
                 This function sets the colormap focus to a client window. If this function is done  in  a  root
                 context,  then  the  default colormap (setup by the X Window System for the screen where mwm is
                 running) is installed and there is no specific client window colormap focus. This  function  is
                 treated as f.nop if colormapFocusPolicy is not explicit.

       f.focus_key
                 This  function  sets  the  keyboard  input  focus to a client window or icon.  This function is
                 treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit or the function is executed in  a  root
                 context.

       f.kill    This  function  is used to close application windows. The actual processing that occurs depends
                 on the protocols that the application observes. The application lists the protocols it observes
                 in the WM_PROTOCOLS property  on  its  top  level  window.  If  the  application  observes  the
                 WM_DELETE_WINDOW  protocol,  it  is sent a message that requests the window be deleted.  If the
                 application observes both  WM_DELETE_WINDOW  and  WM_SAVE_YOURSELF,  it  is  sent  one  message
                 requesting  the  window  be  deleted  and another message advising it to save its state. If the
                 application observes only the WM_SAVE_YOURSELFprotocol , it is sent a message  advising  it  to
                 save  its  state.  After  a  delay  (specified  by the resource quitTimeout), the application's
                 connection to the X server  is  terminated.  If  the  application  observes  neither  of  these
                 protocols, its connection to the X server is terminated.

       f.lower [-client | within | freeFamily]
                 This  function  lowers  a  primary  window  to  the bottom of the global window stack (where it
                 obscures no other window) and lowers the secondary window  (transient  window  or  dialog  box)
                 within  the  client  family.  The arguments to this function are mutually exclusive. The client
                 argument indicates the name or class of a client to lower.  The  name  or  class  of  a  client
                 appears  in  the  WM_CLASS property on the client's top-level window. If the client argument is
                 not specified, the context that the function was invoked in indicates the  window  or  icon  to
                 lower.  Specifying  within  lowers  the  secondary  window within the family (staying above the
                 parent) but does not lower the client family in the global window stack. Specifying  freeFamily
                 lowers the window to the bottom of the global windows stack from its local family stack.

       f.maximize
                 This  function  causes  a  client  window  to  be displayed with its maximum size. Refer to the
                 maximumClientSize, maximumMaximumSize, and limitResize resources in mwm(1).

       f.menumenu_name
                 This function associates a cascading (pull-right) menu with a menu pane entry or a menu with  a
                 button or key binding. The menu_name function argument identifies the menu to be used.

       f.minimize
                 This  function  causes  a client window to be minimized (iconified). When a window is minimized
                 with no icon box in use, and if the lowerOnIconify resource has the value True  (the  default),
                 the  icon  is placed on the bottom of the window stack (such that it obscures no other window).
                 If an icon box is used, then the client's icon changes to its iconified form  inside  the  icon
                 box. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are minimized with their associated primary
                 window. There is only one icon for a primary window and all its secondary windows.

       f.move    This function initiates an interactive move of a client window.

       f.next_cmap
                 This  function  installs  the  next  colormap  in the list of colormaps for the window with the
                 colormap focus.

       f.next_key [ icon | window | transient]
                 This function sets the keyboard input focus to the next window/icon in the set of windows/icons
                 managed by the window manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking of windows  on
                 the  screen).  This  function  is  treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit. The
                 keyboard input focus is only moved to windows that do not have an associated  secondary  window
                 that  is  application modal. If the transient argument is specified, then transient (secondary)
                 windows are traversed (otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done  only  to  the
                 last  focused window in a transient group). If an icon function argument is specified, then the
                 function applies only to icons. If a window function argument is specified, then  the  function
                 applies only to windows.

       f.nop     This function does nothing.

       f.normalize
                 This  function  causes  a client window to be displayed with its normal size. Secondary windows
                 (that is, transient windows) are placed in their  normal  state  along  with  their  associated
                 primary window.

       f.normalize_and_raise
                 This function causes a client window to be displayed with its normal size and raised to the top
                 of  the window stack. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are placed in their normal
                 state along with their associated primary window.

       f.pack_icons
                 This function is used to relayout icons (based on the layout policy being  used)  on  the  root
                 window or in the icon box. In general this causes icons to be "packed" into the icon grid.

       f.pass_keys
                 This  function is used to enable/disable (toggle) processing of key bindings for window manager
                 functions. When it disables key binding processing all keys are passed on to  the  window  with
                 the  keyboard  input  focus  and  no  window  manager functions are invoked. If the f.pass_keys
                 function is invoked with a key binding to disable key binding processing the same  key  binding
                 can be used to enable key binding processing.

       f.post_wmenu
                 This  function  is used to post the window menu. If a key is used to post the window menu and a
                 window menu button is present, the window menu is automatically placed with its top-left corner
                 at the bottom-left corner of the window menu button for the client window. If  no  window  menu
                 button is present, the window menu is placed at the top-left corner of the client window.

       f.prev_cmap
                 This  function  installs the previous colormap in the list of colormaps for the window with the
                 colormap focus.

       f.prev_key [ icon | window | transient]
                 This function sets the keyboard  input  focus  to  the  previous  window/icon  in  the  set  of
                 windows/icons  managed by the window manager (the ordering of this set is based on the stacking
                 of windows on the screen). This function is treated as  f.nop  if  keyboardFocusPolicy  is  not
                 explicit.  The  keyboard  input  focus  is only moved to windows that do not have an associated
                 secondary window that is application modal.  If  the  transient  argument  is  specified,  then
                 transient  (secondary) windows are traversed (otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal
                 is done only to the last focused window in a transient group). If an icon function argument  is
                 specified  then the function applies only to icons. If an window function argument is specified
                 then the function applies only to windows.

       f.quit_mwm
                 This function terminates mwm (but NOT the X window system).

       f.raise [-client | within | freeFamily]
                 This function raises a primary window to the top of  the  global  window  stack  (where  it  is
                 obscured  by  no other window) and raises the secondary window (transient window or dialog box)
                 within the client family. The arguments to this function are  mutually  exclusive.  The  client
                 argument  indicates the name or class of a client to lower. If the client is not specified, the
                 context that the function was invoked in indicates the window  or  icon  to  lower.  Specifying
                 within  raises  the  secondary window within the family but does not raise the client family in
                 the global window stack. Specifying freeFamily raises the window to the top of its local family
                 stack and raises the family to the top of the global window stack.

       f.raise_lower [ within | freeFamily]
                 This function raises a primary window to the top of the global window stack if it is  partially
                 obscured  by another window; otherwise, it lowers the window to the bottom of the window stack.
                 The arguments to this function are mutually exclusive. Specifying  within  raises  a  secondary
                 window  within  the  family  (staying  above the parent window), if it is partially obscured by
                 another window in the application's family; otherwise, it lowers the window to  the  bottom  of
                 the  family  stack. It has no effect on the global window stacking order. Specifying freeFamily
                 raises the window to the top of its local family stack, if  obscured  by  another  window,  and
                 raises the family to the top of the global window stack; otherwise, it lowers the window to the
                 bottom  of  its  local  family  stack  and lowers the family to the bottom of the global window
                 stack.

       f.refresh This function causes all windows to be redrawn.

       f.refresh_win
                 This function causes a client window to be redrawn.

       f.resize  This function initiates an interactive resize of a client window.

       f.restore This function restores the previous state of an  icon's  associated  window.   If  a  maximized
                 window  is  iconified, then f.restore restores it to its maximized state. If a normal window is
                 iconified, then f.restore restores it to its normalized state.

       f.restore_and_raise
                 This function restores the previous state of an icon's associated window and raises the  window
                 to  the  top  of the window stack. If a maximized window is iconified, then f.restore_and_raise
                 restores it to its maximized state and raises it to the top of the window stack.  If  a  normal
                 window is iconified, then f.restore_and_raise restores it to its normalized state and raises it
                 to the top of the window stack.

       f.restart This  function  causes mwm to be restarted (effectively terminated and re-executed). Restart is
                 necessary for mwm to incorporate changes in both the mwmrc file and X resources.

       f.screen [ next | prev | back | screen_number]
                 This function causes the pointer to be warp to  a  specific  screen  number  or  to  the  next,
                 previous, or last visited (back) screen. The arguments to this function are mutually exclusive.
                 The  screen_number  argument  indicates  the  screen  number  that the pointer is to be warped.
                 Screens are numbered starting from screen 0. Specifying next cause the pointer to warp  to  the
                 next managed screen (skipping over any unmanaged screens). Specifying prev cause the pointer to
                 warp  to  the  previous  managed  screen (skipping over any unmanaged screens). Specifying back
                 cause the pointer to warp to the last visited screen.

       f.send_msgmessage_number
                 This function sends an XClientMessageEvent of type _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES with message_type set  to
                 message_number.   The client message is sent only if message_number is included in the client's
                 _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property. A menu item label is grayed out if the menu item  is  used  to  do
                 f.send_msg of a message that is not included in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property.

       f.separator
                 This function causes a menu separator to be put in the menu pane at the specified location (the
                 label is ignored).

       f.set_behavior
                 This  function  causes  the  window  manager  to restart with the default behavior (if a custom
                 behavior is configured) or a custom behavior (if a default behavior is configured). By  default
                 this is bound to ShiftCtrlAlt<Key>!.

       f.title   This function inserts a title in the menu pane at the specified location.

       f.version This function causes the window manager to display its release version in a dialog box.

   FunctionConstraints
       Each  function  may be constrained as to which resource types can specify the function (for example, menu
       pane) and also what context the function can be used in  (for  example,  the  function  is  done  to  the
       selected client window).  Function contexts are:

       root      No client window or icon has been selected as an object for the function.

       window    A  client  window  has  been selected as an object for the function. This includes the window's
                 title bar and frame. Some functions are applied only when the window is in its normalized state
                 (for example, f.maximize) or its maximized state (for example, f.normalize).

       icon      An icon has been selected as an object for the function.

       If a function is specified in a type of resource where it is not supported or is  invoked  in  a  context
       that  does  not  apply  then the function is treated as f.nop. The following table indicates the resource
       types and function contexts in which window manager functions apply.

       Function                  Contexts                 Resources
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       f.beep                    root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.circle_down             root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.circle_up               root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.exec                    root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.focus_color             root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.focus_key               root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.kill                    icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.lower                   root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.maximize                icon,window(normal)      button,key,menu
       f.menu                    root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.minimize                window                   button,key,menu
       f.move                    icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.next_cmap               root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.next_key                root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.nop                     root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.normalize               icon,window(maximized)   button,key,menu
       f.normalize_and_raise     icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.pack_icons              root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.pass_keys               root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.post_wmenu              root,icon,window         button,key
       f.prev_cmap               root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.prev_key                root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.quit_mwm                root                     button,key,menu (root only)
       f.raise                   root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.raise_lower             icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.refresh                 root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.refresh_win             window                   button,key,menu
       f.resize                  window                   button,key,menu
       f.restart                 root                     button,key,menu (root only)
       f.restore                 icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.restore_and_raise       icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.screen                  root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.send_msg                icon,window              button,key,menu
       f.separator               root,icon,window         menu
       f.set_behavior            root,icon,window         button,key,menu
       f.title                   root,icon,window         menu
       f.version                 root,icon,window         button,key,menu

mwmrc — the Motif Window Manager Resource Description File

mwm(1), X(1).

                                                                                                        mwmrc(4)

       Errors  that  occur  during  the  processing  of  the  resource  description  file   are   recorded   in:
       $HOME/.mwm/errorlog.  Be  sure  to  check  this file if the appearance or behavior of mwm is not what you
       expect.

       Events are indicated as part of the specifications for button and  key  binding  sets,  and  menu  panes.
       Button events have the following syntax:

       button =~[modifier_list ]<button_event_name>modifier_list =~modifier_name { modifier_name}

       The  following  table indicates the values that can be used for modifier_name. Note that [Alt] and [Meta]
       can be used interchangeably on some hardware.

       Modifier      Description
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Ctrl          Control Key
       Shift         Shift Key
       Alt           Alt Key
       Meta          Meta Key
       Mod1          Modifier1
       Mod2          Modifier2
       Mod3          Modifier3
       Mod4          Modifier4
       Mod5          Modifier5

       Locking modifiers are ignored when processing button and key bindings.  The following  table  lists  keys
       that are interpreted as locking modifiers.  The X server may map some of these symbols to the Mod1 - Mod5
       modifier  keys.  These keys may or may not be available on your hardware: Key Symbol Caps Lock Shift Lock
       Kana Lock Num Lock  Scroll  Lock  The  following  table  indicates  the  values  that  can  be  used  for
       button_event_name.

       Button          Description
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Btn1Down        Button 1 Press
       Btn1Up          Button 1 Release
       Btn1Click       Button 1 Press and Release
       Btn1Click2      Button 1 Double Click
       Btn2Down        Button 2 Press
       Btn2Up          Button 2 Release
       Btn2Click       Button 2 Press and Release
       Btn2Click2      Button 2 Double Click
       Btn3Down        Button 3 Press
       Btn3Up          Button 3 Release
       Btn3Click       Button 3 Press and Release
       Btn3Click2      Button 3 Double Click
       Btn4Down        Button 4 Press
       Btn4Up          Button 4 Release
       Btn4Click       Button 4 Press and Release
       Btn4Click2      Button 4 Double Click
       Btn5Down        Button 5 Press
       Btn5Up          Button 5 Release
       Btn5Click       Button 5 Press and Release
       Btn5Click2      Button 5 Double Click

       Key  events  that  are  used  by  the window manager for menu mnemonics and for binding to window manager
       functions are single key presses; key releases are ignored. Key events have the following syntax:

       key =~[modifier_list] <Key>key_namemodifier_list =~modifier_name { modifier_name}

       All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means that only the specified  modifiers
       can  be  present  when  the  key  event  occurs).  Modifiers for keys are the same as those that apply to
       buttons. The key_name is an X11 keysym name. Keysym names can be found in the  keysymdef.h  file  (remove
       the XK_ prefix).