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Net::SSH2::KnownHosts - SSH 2 knownhosts object
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Copyright And License
Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Salvador Fandiño; all rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself, either Perl version 5.8.0 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.
The documentation on this file is based on the comments inside "libssh2.h" file from the libssh2
distribution which has the following copyright and license:
Copyright (c) 2004-2009, Sara Golemon <sarag@libssh2.org> Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Daniel Stenberg
Copyright (c) 2010 Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of any other contributors may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
perl v5.40.0 2024-09-07 Net::SSH2::KnownHosts(3pm)
Description
#####################################################################
# #
# WARNING: The API provided by Net::SSH2::KnownHosts is #
# experimental and could change in future versions of the module!!! #
# #
#####################################################################
The "knownhosts" object allows one to manipulate the entries in the "known_host" file usually located at
"~/.ssh/known_hosts" and which contains the public keys of the already known hosts.
The methods currently supported are as follows:
readfile(filename)
Populates the object with the entries in the given file.
It returns the number or entries read or undef on failure.
writefile(filename)
Saves the known host entries to the given file.
add(hostname,salt,key,comment,key_type|host_format|key_format)
Add a host and its associated key to the collection of known hosts.
The "host_format" argument specifies the format of the given host:
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_PLAIN - ascii "hostname.domain.tld"
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_SHA1 - SHA1(salt, host) base64-encoded!
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_CUSTOM - another hash
If "SHA1" is selected as host format, the salt must be provided to the salt argument in base64 format.
The SHA-1 hash is what OpenSSH can be told to use in known_hosts files. If a custom type is used, salt is
ignored and you must provide the host pre-hashed when checking for it in the "check" method.
The available key formats are as follow:
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEYENC_RAW
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEYENC_BASE64
Finally, the available key types are as follow:
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEY_RSA1
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEY_SSHRSA
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEY_SSHDSS
The comment argument may be undef.
check(hostname,port,key,key_type|host_format|key_format)
Checks a host and its associated key against the collection of known hosts.
The "key_type|host_format|key_format" argument has the same meaning as in the "add" method.
"undef" may be passed as the port argument.
Returns:
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MATCH (0)
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MISMATCH (1)
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_NOTFOUND (2)
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_FAILURE (3)
readline(string)
Read a known_hosts entry from the given string.
For instance, the following piece of code is more or less equivalent to the readfile method:
my $kh = $ssh2->known_hosts;
if (open my $fh, '<', $known_hosts_path) {
while (<>) {
eval { $kh->readline($_) }
or warn "unable to parse known_hosts entry $_";
}
}
writeline(hostname,port,key,key_type|host_format|key_format)
Searches the entry matching the given parameters (as described in the "check" method) and formats it into
a line in the known_hosts format.
This method returns undef when some error happens.
This method should be considered experimental, the interface may change.
Name
Net::SSH2::KnownHosts - SSH 2 knownhosts object
See Also
Net::SSH2, sshd(8).
Synopsis
#####################################################################
# #
# WARNING: The API provided by Net::SSH2::KnownHosts is #
# experimental and could change in future versions of the module!!! #
# #
#####################################################################
my $kh = $ssh2->known_hosts;
my $n_ent = $kh->readfile($known_hosts_path);
# a non-existent known_hosts file usually is not an error...
unless (defined $n_ent) {
if ($ssh2->error != LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE or -f $known_hosts_path) {
die; # propagate error;
}
}
my ($key, $type) = $ssh2->remote_hostkey;
my $flags = ( LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_PLAIN |
LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEYENC_RAW |
(($type + 1) << LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEY_SHIFT) );
my $check = $kh->check($hostname, $port, $key, $flags);
if ($check == LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MATCH) {
# ok!
}
elsif ($check == LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MISMATCH) {
die "host verification failed, the key has changed!";
}
elsif ($check == LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_NOTFOUND) {
die "host verification failed, key not found in known_hosts file"
if $strict_host_key_checking;
# else, save new key to file:
unless ( $kh->add($hostname, '', $key, "Perl added me", $flags) and
$kh->writefile($known_hosts_path) ) {
warn "unable to save known_hosts file: " . ($ssh2->error)[1];
}
}
else {
die "host key verification failed, unknown reason";
}
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