Tk::Trace - emulate Tcl/Tk trace functions.

       Copyright (C) 2000 - 2003 Stephen O. Lidie. All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under  the  same  terms  as  Perl
       itself.

Tk804.036                                          2025-04-13                                     Tk::Trace(3pm)

       This class module emulates the Tcl/Tk trace family of commands by binding subroutines of your devising to
       Perl variables using simple Tie::Watch features.

       Callback format is patterned after the Perl/Tk scheme: supply either a code reference, or, supply an
       array reference and pass the callback code reference in the first element of the array, followed by
       callback arguments.

       User callbacks are passed these arguments:

        $_[0]        = undef for a scalar, index/key for array/hash
        $_[1]        = variable's current (read), new (write), final (undef) value
        $_[2]        = operation (r, w, or u)
        $_[3 .. $#_] = optional user callback arguments

       As a Trace user, you have an important responsibility when writing your callback, since you control the
       final value assigned to the variable.  A typical callback might look like:

        sub callback {
           my($index, $value, $op, @args) = @_;
           return if $op eq 'u';
           # .... code which uses $value ...
           return $value;     # variable's final value
        }

       Note that the callback's return value becomes the variable's final value, for either read or write
       traces.

       For write operations, the variable is updated with its new value before the callback is invoked.

       Multiple read, write and undef callbacks can be attached to a variable, which are invoked in reverse
       order of creation.

        # Trace a Scale's variable and move a meter in unison.

        use Tk;
        use Tk::widgets qw/Trace/;

        $pi = 3.1415926;
        $mw = MainWindow->new;
        $c = $mw->Canvas( qw/-width 200 -height 110 -bd 2 -relief sunken/ )->grid;
        $c->createLine( qw/100 100 10 100 -tag meter -arrow last -width 5/ );
        $s = $mw->Scale( qw/-orient h -from 0 -to 100 -variable/ => \$v )->grid;
        $mw->Label( -text => 'Slide Me for 5 Seconds' )->grid;

        $mw->traceVariable( \$v, 'w' => [ \&update_meter, $s ] );

        $mw->after( 5000 => sub {
            print "Untrace time ...\n";
            %vinfo = $s->traceVinfo( \$v );
            print "Watch info  :\n  ", join("\n  ", @{$vinfo{-legible}}), "\n";
            $c->traceVdelete( \$v );
        });

        MainLoop;

        sub update_meter {
            my( $index, $value, $op, @args ) = @_;
            return if $op eq 'u';
            $min = $s->cget( -from );
            $max = $s->cget( -to );
            $pos = $value / abs( $max - $min );
            $x = 100.0 - 90.0 * ( cos( $pos * $pi ) );
            $y = 100.0 - 90.0 * ( sin( $pos * $pi ) );
            $c->coords( qw/meter 100 100/, $x, $y );
            return $value;
        }

        # Predictive text entry.

        use Tk;
        use Tk::widgets qw/ LabEntry Trace /;
        use strict;

        my @words =  qw/radio television telephone turntable microphone/;

        my $mw = MainWindow->new;

        my $e = $mw->LabEntry(
            qw/ -label Thing -width 40 /,
            -labelPack    => [ qw/ -side left / ],
            -textvariable => \my $thing,
        );
        my $t = $mw->Text( qw/ -height 10 -width 50 / );;

        $t->pack( $e, qw/ -side top / );

        $e->focus;
        $e->traceVariable( \$thing, 'w', [ \&trace_thing, $e, $t ] );

        foreach my $k ( 1 .. 12 ) {
            $e->bind( "<F${k}>" => [ \&ins, $t, Ev('K') ] );
        }
        $e->bind( '<Return>' =>
                  sub {
                      print "$thing\n";
                      $_[0]->delete( 0, 'end' );
                  }
        );

        MainLoop;

        sub trace_thing {

            my( $index, $value, $op, $e, $t ) = @_;

            return unless $value;

            $t->delete( qw/ 1.0 end / );
            foreach my $w ( @words ) {
                if ( $w =~ /^$value/ ) {
                    $t->insert( 'end', "$w\n" );
                }
            }

            return $value;

        } # end trace_thing

        sub ins {

            my( $e, $t, $K ) = @_;

            my( $index ) = $K =~ /^F(\d+)$/;

            $e->delete( 0, 'end' );
            $e->insert( 'end', $t->get( "$index.0", "$index.0 lineend" ) );
            $t->delete( qw/ 1.0 end / );

        } # end ins

Stephen.O.Lidie@Lehigh.EDU, Lehigh University Computing Center, 2000/08/01
        . Version 1.0, for Tk800.022.

        sol0@Lehigh.EDU, Lehigh University Computing Center, 2003/09/22
        . Version 1.1, for Tk804.025, add support for multiple traces of the same
          type on the same variable.

       $mw->traceVariable(varRef, op => callback);
           varRef  is  a  reference  to  the  scalar, array or hash variable you wish to trace.  op is the trace
           operation, and can be any combination of r for read, w for write, and u for  undef.   callback  is  a
           standard  Perl/Tk  callback, and is invoked, depending upon the value of op, whenever the variable is
           read, written, or destroyed.

       %vinfo = $mw->traceVinfo(varRef);
           Returns a hash detailing the internals of the Trace object, with these keys:

            %vinfo = (
                -variable =>  varRef
                -debug    =>  '0'
                -shadow   =>  '1'
                -value    =>  'HELLO SCALAR'
                -destroy  =>  callback
                -fetch    =>  callback
                -store    =>  callback
                -legible  =>  above data formatted as a list of string, for printing
            );

           For array and hash Trace objects, the -value key is replaced with a -ptr key which is a reference  to
           the  parallel  array  or hash.  Additionally, for an array or hash, there are key/value pairs for all
           the variable specific callbacks.

       $mw->traceVdelete(\$v);
           Stop tracing the variable.

       Tk::Trace - emulate Tcl/Tk trace functions.

        use Tk::Trace

        $mw->traceVariable(\$v, 'wru' => [\&update_meter, $scale]);
        %vinfo = $mw->traceVinfo(\$v);
        print "Trace info  :\n  ", join("\n  ", @{$vinfo{-legible}}), "\n";
        $mw->traceVdelete(\$v);