essid Set the ESSID (or Network Name - in some products it may also be called Domain ID). The ESSID is
used to identify cells which are part of the same virtual network.
As opposed to the AP Address or NWID which define a single cell, the ESSID defines a group of
cells connected via repeaters or infrastructure, where the user may roam transparently.
With some cards, you may disable the ESSID checking (ESSID promiscuous) with off or any (and on to
reenable it).
If the ESSID of your network is one of the special keywords (off, on or any), you should use -- to
escape it.
Examples:iwconfigeth0essidanyiwconfigeth0essid"MyNetwork"iwconfigeth0essid--"ANY"nwid Set the Network ID. As all adjacent wireless networks share the same medium, this parameter is
used to differentiate them (create logical colocated networks) and identify nodes belonging to the
same cell.
This parameter is only used for pre-802.11 hardware, the 802.11 protocol uses the ESSID and AP
Address for this function.
With some cards, you may disable the Network ID checking (NWID promiscuous) with off (and on to
reenable it).
Examples:iwconfigeth0nwidAB34iwconfigeth0nwidoffnick[name]
Set the nickname, or the station name. Some 802.11 products do define it, but this is not used as
far as the protocols (MAC, IP, TCP) are concerned and completely useless as far as configuration
goes. Only some wireless diagnostic tools may use it.
Example:iwconfigeth0nickname"MyLinuxNode"mode Set the operating mode of the device, which depends on the network topology. The mode can be Ad-Hoc (network composed of only one cell and without Access Point), Managed (node connects to a
network composed of many Access Points, with roaming), Master (the node is the synchronisation
master or acts as an Access Point), Repeater (the node forwards packets between other wireless
nodes), Secondary (the node acts as a backup master/repeater), Monitor (the node is not associated
with any cell and passively monitor all packets on the frequency) or Auto.
Example:iwconfigeth0modeManagediwconfigeth0modeAd-Hocfreq/channel
Set the operating frequency or channel in the device. A value below 1000 indicates a channel
number, a value greater than 1000 is a frequency in Hz. You may append the suffix k, M or G to the
value (for example, "2.46G" for 2.46 GHz frequency), or add enough '0'.
Channels are usually numbered starting at 1, and you may use iwlist(8) to get the total number of
channels, list the available frequencies, and display the current frequency as a channel.
Depending on regulations, some frequencies/channels may not be available.
When using Managed mode, most often the Access Point dictates the channel and the driver may
refuse the setting of the frequency. In Ad-Hoc mode, the frequency setting may only be used at
initial cell creation, and may be ignored when joining an existing cell.
You may also use off or auto to let the card pick up the best channel (when supported).
Examples:iwconfigeth0freq2422000000iwconfigeth0freq2.422Giwconfigeth0channel3iwconfigeth0channelautoap Force the card to register to the Access Point given by the address, if it is possible. This
address is the cell identity of the Access Point, as reported by wireless scanning, which may be
different from its network MAC address. If the wireless link is point to point, set the address of
the other end of the link. If the link is ad-hoc, set the cell identity of the ad-hoc network.
When the quality of the connection goes too low, the driver may revert back to automatic mode (the
card selects the best Access Point in range).
You may also use off to re-enable automatic mode without changing the current Access Point, or you
may use any or auto to force the card to reassociate with the currently best Access Point.
Example:iwconfigeth0ap00:60:1D:01:23:45iwconfigeth0apanyiwconfigeth0apoffrate/bit[rate]
For cards supporting multiple bit rates, set the bit-rate in b/s. The bit-rate is the speed at
which bits are transmitted over the medium, the user speed of the link is lower due to medium
sharing and various overhead.
You may append the suffix k, M or G to the value (decimal multiplier : 10^3, 10^6 and 10^9 b/s),
or add enough '0'. Values below 1000 are card specific, usually an index in the bit-rate list. Use
auto to select automatic bit-rate mode (fallback to lower rate on noisy channels), which is the
default for most cards, and fixed to revert back to fixed setting. If you specify a bit-rate value
and append auto, the driver will use all bit-rates lower and equal than this value.
Examples:iwconfigeth0rate11Miwconfigeth0rateautoiwconfigeth0rate5.5Mautotxpower
For cards supporting multiple transmit powers, sets the transmit power in dBm. If W is the power
in Watt, the power in dBm is P=30+10.log(W). If the value is postfixed by mW, it will be
automatically converted to dBm.
In addition, on and off enable and disable the radio, and auto and fixed enable and disable power
control (if those features are available).
Examples:iwconfigeth0txpower15iwconfigeth0txpower30mWiwconfigeth0txpowerautoiwconfigeth0txpoweroffsens Set the sensitivity threshold. This define how sensitive is the card to poor operating conditions
(low signal, interference). Positive values are assumed to be the raw value used by the hardware
or a percentage, negative values are assumed to be dBm. Depending on the hardware implementation,
this parameter may control various functions.
On modern cards, this parameter usually control handover/roaming threshold, the lowest signal
level for which the hardware remains associated with the current Access Point. When the signal
level goes below this threshold the card starts looking for a new/better Access Point. Some cards
may use the number of missed beacons to trigger this. For high density of Access Points, a higher
threshold make sure the card is always associated with the best AP, for low density of APs, a
lower threshold minimise the number of failed handoffs.
On more ancient card this parameter usually controls the defer threshold, the lowest signal level
for which the hardware considers the channel busy. Signal levels above this threshold make the
hardware inhibits its own transmission whereas signals weaker than this are ignored and the
hardware is free to transmit. This is usually strongly linked to the receive threshold, the lowest
signal level for which the hardware attempts packet reception. Proper setting of these thresholds
prevent the card to waste time on background noise while still receiving weak transmissions.
Modern designs seems to control those thresholds automatically.
Example:iwconfigeth0sens-80iwconfigeth0sens2retry Most cards have MAC retransmissions, and some allow to set the behaviour of the retry mechanism.
To set the maximum number of retries, enter limit`value'. This is an absolute value (without
unit), and the default (when nothing is specified). To set the maximum length of time the MAC
should retry, enter lifetime`value'. By defaults, this value is in seconds, append the suffix m
or u to specify values in milliseconds or microseconds.
You can also add the short, long, min and max modifiers. If the card supports automatic mode, they
define the bounds of the limit or lifetime. Some other cards define different values depending on
packet size, for example in 802.11 minlimit is the short retry limit (non RTS/CTS packets).
Examples:iwconfigeth0retry16iwconfigeth0retrylifetime300miwconfigeth0retryshort12iwconfigeth0retryminlimit8rts[_threshold]
RTS/CTS adds a handshake before each packet transmission to make sure that the channel is clear.
This adds overhead, but increases performance in case of hidden nodes or a large number of active
nodes. This parameter sets the size of the smallest packet for which the node sends RTS ; a value
equal to the maximum packet size disables the mechanism. You may also set this parameter to auto,
fixed or off.
Examples:iwconfigeth0rts250iwconfigeth0rtsofffrag[mentation_threshold]
Fragmentation allows to split an IP packet in a burst of smaller fragments transmitted on the
medium. In most cases this adds overhead, but in a very noisy environment this reduces the error
penalty and allow packets to get through interference bursts. This parameter sets the maximum
fragment size which is always lower than the maximum packet size.
This parameter may also control Frame Bursting available on some cards, the ability to send
multiple IP packets together. This mechanism would be enabled if the fragment size is larger than
the maximum packet size.
You may also set this parameter to auto, fixed or off.
Examples:iwconfigeth0frag512iwconfigeth0fragoffkey/enc[ryption]
Used to manipulate encryption or scrambling keys and security mode.
To set the current encryption key, just enter the key in hex digits as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX or
XXXXXXXX. To set a key other than the current key, prepend or append [index] to the key itself
(this won't change which is the active key). You can also enter the key as an ASCII string by
using the s: prefix. Passphrase is currently not supported.
To change which key is the currently active key, just enter [index] (without entering any key
value).
off and on disable and reenable encryption.
The security mode may be open or restricted, and its meaning depends on the card used. With most
cards, in open mode no authentication is used and the card may also accept non-encrypted sessions,
whereas in restricted mode only encrypted sessions are accepted and the card will use
authentication if available.
If you need to set multiple keys, or set a key and change the active key, you need to use multiple
key directives. Arguments can be put in any order, the last one will take precedence.
Examples:iwconfigeth0key0123-4567-89iwconfigeth0key[3]0123-4567-89iwconfigeth0keys:password[2]iwconfigeth0key[2]iwconfigeth0keyopeniwconfigeth0keyoffiwconfigeth0keyrestricted[3]0123456789iwconfigeth0key01-23key45-67[4]key[4]power Used to manipulate power management scheme parameters and mode.
To set the period between wake ups, enter period`value'. To set the timeout before going back to
sleep, enter timeout`value'. To set the generic level of power saving, enter saving`value'.
You can also add the min and max modifiers. By default, those values are in seconds, append the
suffix m or u to specify values in milliseconds or microseconds. Sometimes, those values are
without units (number of beacon periods, dwell, percentage or similar).
off and on disable and reenable power management. Finally, you may set the power management mode
to all (receive all packets), unicast (receive unicast packets only, discard multicast and
broadcast) and multicast (receive multicast and broadcast only, discard unicast packets).
Examples:iwconfigeth0powerperiod2iwconfigeth0power500municastiwconfigeth0powertimeout300ualliwconfigeth0powersaving3iwconfigeth0poweroffiwconfigeth0powerminperiod2powermaxperiod4modu[lation]
Force the card to use a specific set of modulations. Modern cards support various modulations,
some which are standard, such as 802.11b or 802.11g, and some proprietary. This command force the
card to only use the specific set of modulations listed on the command line. This can be used to
fix interoperability issues.
The list of available modulations depend on the card/driver and can be displayed using iwlistmodulation. Note that some card/driver may not be able to select each modulation listed
independently, some may come as a group. You may also set this parameter to auto let the
card/driver do its best.
Examples:iwconfigeth0modu11giwconfigeth0moduCCKOFDMaiwconfigeth0moduautocommit Some cards may not apply changes done through Wireless Extensions immediately (they may wait to
aggregate the changes or apply it only when the card is brought up via ifconfig). This command
(when available) forces the card to apply all pending changes.
This is normally not needed, because the card will eventually apply the changes, but can be useful
for debugging.
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