konwert - interface for various character encoding conversions

        __("<   Marcin Kowalczyk * qrczak@knm.org.plhttp://qrczak.home.ml.org/
        \__/       GCS/M d- s+:-- a21 C+++>+++$ UL++>++++$ P+++ L++>++++$ E->++
         ^^                W++ N+++ o? K? w(---) O? M- V? PS-- PE++ Y? PGP->+ t

       QRCZAK                  5? X- R tv-- b+>++ DI D- G+ e>++++ h! r--%>++ y-
Konwert                                            30 Jul 1998                                        KONWERT(1)

       APPLE character in mac* charsets, and CH and ch characters in koi8cs are not preserved in conversion even
       when they are available. Also they don't respect the /1 option. Reason: they are not in Unicode.

       You can convert text between any two charsets, for example konwertcp437-iso2.

       Characters unavailable in the target charset will be substituted with approximations with available ones.
       The approximations need not be single characters.

       The following character sets are currently supported:

       ascii  7bit ASCII

       utf8 = unicode  Unicode UTF-8

       iso1 = isolatin1
              ISO-8859-1 aka ISO Latin 1 (Western European)
       iso2 = isolatin2
              ISO-8859-2 aka ISO Latin 2 (Central European)
       iso3 = isolatin3
              ISO-8859-3 aka ISO Latin 3 (Esperanto)
       iso4 = isolatin4
              ISO-8859-4 aka ISO Latin 4 (Baltic)
       iso5 = isolatincyr
              ISO-8859-5 (Cyrillic)
       iso6 = isolatinarabic
              ISO-8859-6 (Arabic)
       iso7 = isolatingreek
              ISO-8859-7 (Greek)
       iso8 = isolatinhebrew
              ISO-8859-8 (Hebrew)
       iso9 = isolatin5 = isolatintur
              ISO-8859-9 aka ISO Latin 5 (Turkish)
       iso10 = isolatin6 = isolatinnordic
              ISO-8859-10 aka ISO Latin 6 (Nordic)
       iso12 = isolatin7 = isolatinceltic
              ISO-8859-12 aka ISO Latin 6 (Celtic) - Draft
       iso13 = isolatin8 = isolatinbaltic
              ISO-8859-13 aka ISO Latin 6 (Baltic) - Draft
       iso14 = isolatin9 = isolatinsami
              ISO-8859-14 aka ISO Latin 6 (Sámi) - Draft
       iso15  ISO-8859-15 - Draft

       koi8r    KOI8-R (Russian)
       koi8u    KOI8-U (Ukrainian, Byelorussian)
       koi8uni  KOI8-Uni (Cyrillic)

       cp1250 = wince = winlatin2    Windows CP-1250 aka Win Latin 2 (Central European)
       cp1251 = wincyr               Windows CP-1251 (Cyrillic)
       cp1252 = winwest = winlatin1  Windows CP-1252 aka Win Latin 1 (Western European)
       cp1253 = wingr                Windows CP-1253 (Greek)
       cp1254 = wintur               Windows CP-1254 (Turkish)
       cp1255 = winhebrew            Windows CP-1255 (Hebrew)
       cp1256 = winarabic            Windows CP-1256 (Arabic)
       cp1257 = winbaltic            Windows CP-1257 (Baltic)
       cp1258 = winviet              Windows CP-1258 (Vietnamese)

       cp437 = icmeng               DOS CP-437 (English)
       cp737 = dosgreek             DOS CP-737 (Greek)
       cp775 = dosbaltic            DOS CP-775 (Baltic)
       cp850 = doswest = doslatin1  DOS CP-850 aka DOS Latin 1 (Western European)
       cp852 = dosce = doslatin2    DOS CP-852 aka DOS Latin 2 (Central European)
       cp855 = doscyr               DOS CP-855 (Cyrillic)
       cp857 = dostur               DOS CP-857 (Turkish)
       cp860 = dosportugal          DOS CP-860 (Portugal)
       cp861 = dosiceland           DOS CP-861 (Icelandic)
       cp862 = doshebrew            DOS CP-862 (Hebrew)
       cp863 = doscanadfr           DOS CP-863 (Canadian French)
       cp864 = dosarabic            DOS CP-864 (Arabic)
       cp865 = dosnordic            DOS CP-865 (Nordic)
       cp866 = dosrussian           DOS CP-866 (Russian)
       cp869 = dosgreek2            DOS CP-869 (Greek2)
       cp874 = dosthai              DOS CP-874 (Thai)

       mac         Macintosh Roman (Western European)
       macce       Macintosh Central European
       maccyr      Macintosh Cyrillic
       macgreek    Macintosh Greek
       maciceland  Macintosh Icelandic
       mactur      Macintosh Turkish

       csk,
       cyfromat,
       dhn,
       fidomazovia,
       iea,
       logic,
       mazovia,
       microvex     DOS charsets for Polish

       amigapl,
       fat,
       xjp      Amiga charsets for Polish

       kamenicky  DOS charset for Czech and Slovak

       wingreek  WinGreek (Windows font-based encoding for ancient Greek)

       babelpl  TeX [polish]{babel}: "a"c"e"l"n"o"s"z"rciachy   TeX \prefixing: /a/c/e/l/n/o/s/x/zxmetodo        Esperanto: cxgxhxjxsxux (vxw)
       hmetodo        Esperanto: chghhhjhshuantauxcxap     Esperanto: ^c^g^h^j^s^u (~u)
       postcxap       Esperanto: c^g^h^j^s^u^ (u~)
       apostrofoj     Esperanto: c'g'h'j's'u'malapostrofoj  Esperanto: c`g`h`j`s`u`viscii  VISCII (Vietnamese)
       viqri   Vietnamese Quoted Readable Implicit

       htmldec  SGML/HTML character references (decimal): Æě→htmlhex  SGML/HTML character references (hexadecimal): Æě→htmlent  SGML/HTML character entities (names): Æ&ecaron→html     All three above (only as input format)

       tex    TeX  with some LaTeX or AMS-TeX extensions. There is no distinction between normal and math mode -
              you will probably have to insert some $'s manually.

       mnemonic   RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by &mnemonic1  RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by `any/LANGUAGE (e.g. any/pl-iso2)
              This special input format will detect the encoding automatically, basing  on  the  frequencies  of
              characters  found  in text. Every language is associated with a set of possible encodings used for
              it and average frequencies of its letters (excluding ASCII letters). The best fitting encoding  is
              used  for  conversion.  Currently  supported languages are cs (Czech), de (German), el (Greek), eo
              (Esperanto), es (Spanish), fr (French), he (Hebrew), it (Italian), pl (Polish),  pt  (Portuguese),
              ru (Russian), and sv (Swedish).

       varpl  Mixed  Polish  ISO-8859-2,  CP-1250,  and  UTF-8.  If  you are reading Polish newsgroups I suggest
              putting it as a filter in your newsreader (for speed improvement it's better to call it  directly,
              rather than through konwert).

       vareo  Mixed various Esperanto encodings.

       Konwert is a package for conversion between various character encodings.

       Copyright (c) 1998 Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  it  under  the  terms  of  the  GNU
       General  Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
       (at your option) any later version.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY;  without  even
       the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
       License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not,  write
       to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

       Konwert  allows  filtering  multiple  files through multiple filters.  It filters the specified FILEs, or
       stdin if none are given.

       Simple FILTER is the name of an executable file from the directory ~/.konwert/filters or the  system-wide
       one, normally /usr/share/konwert/filters.  Such program itself filters stdin to stdout.

       The filtering rule can be more complex:

       konwertFILTER1+FILTER2 means konwertFILTER1 | konwertFILTER2.

       konwertFORMAT1-FORMAT2,  unless  such  filter  exists,  tries  to find a common FORMAT3, such that both
       filters FORMAT1-FORMAT3 and FORMAT3-FORMAT1 do exist.

       konwertFILTER/ARG/...  passes  arguments  to  the  filter.  Arguments  can  also  be  specified   here:
       FORMAT1/ARGS-FORMAT2.  The meaning of arguments depends on the particular filter.

       konwert'(COMMANDARGS...)' executes this arbitrary shell command. This is useful with -o or -O options.
       The command cannot contain the string )+, which will terminate this filter's specification.

   OPTIONS-oDEST   output goes to this file/directory instead of stdout

       -O        every input file is replaced with its translation

       --help    display help and exit

       --version output version information and exit

       Redirecting output to one of the source files with either -o or > instead of -O will corrupt  it!  Option
       -O creates a temporary file in /tmp and later copies it back onto the source.

/usr/share/konwert/filters/*~/.konwert/filters/*

       konwert - interface for various character encoding conversions

/1 (e.g. konwertiso2-ascii/1)
              Each  unavailable character will be replaced only with a single approximate char, not string. This
              is useful with the filterm program or with preformatted text. This option is automatically  turned
              on when a filter is used as output for filterm.

       /html  Text is assumed to be HTML. The characters "&<> resulting from other characters' approximations
              will  be  properly  escaped  as  &quot;&amp;&lt;&gt;.   The  <METAhttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=..."> header will be fixed if present.

       /htmldec
              Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in &#Unicode;.

       /htmlhex
              Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in hexadecimal &#xUnicode;.

       /tex   Unavailable characters will be described in TeX. Characters #$%&\^_{|}~  resulting  from
              some  characters' approximations will be properly escaped into \#\$\%\&$\backslash$\^{}\_\{$|$\}\~{}.

       /asciichar
              Recognizes some ASCII representations of characters, e.g. (c)...1/2>=.

       /rosyjski
              Russian text will be replaced with its Polish phonetic transcription.

       Some output filters can use the language information for choosing better  approximations  of  unavailable
       letters, for example /de (German): ä → ae instead of a.

any/LANGUAGE-test
              Detects  the  encoding,  but  instead  of  text  conversion  only  shows  the encoding's name. The
              additional option /all shows all possible encodings, sorted from better to worse ones.

       crlfcrlf   Force specific end-of-line marker convention.  cr = Macintosh, lf = Unix and Amiga, crlf = Windows
              and DOS.  The input convention is detected automatically.

       expand Expands tabs into spaces (uses the textutils program expand).

       unexpand
              Compresses spaces into tabs (uses the textutils program unexpand).

       rmspacesateol
              Removes spaces and tabs at end of line.

       qp-8bit8bit-qp
              MIME Quoted Printable encoding: =A3=F3d=BC.

       rtf-8bit8bit-rtf
              Rich Text Format: \'a3\'f3d\'9f.

       txt-htmlchar
              Escapes "&<> into SGML/HTML entities &quot;&amp;&lt;&gt;.  Useful for including a text  file
              inside HTML <PRE> </PRE> tags.

       htmlchar-txt
              Reverse.

       rot13  Guvf vf n qrzbafgengvba bs ebg13.

       touppertolower
              Self-explanatory. Currently ASCII only.

       prn7pl Converts  polish  chars to control sequences for EPSON-compatible printer. Using only 7-bit chars,
              backspacing printer's head and vertical positioning chars ,.'` it  creates  pseudo-polish  glyphs.
              You  can  specify  options:  /nlq (default) which optimizes output for better quality printers and
              /draft - useful for ex. for 9-nails printer.

trs(1), filterm(1)

konwertFILTER [FILE]... [-oDEST | -O]