bcal - Storage expression calculator.

       Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>

bcal  (Byte  CALculator)  is  a  command-line utility to help with numerical calculations and expressions
       involving binary prefixes, SI/IEC conversion, byte addressing, base conversion, LBA/CHS calculation etc.

       It  invokes  GNU  bc  for   non-storage   expressions.   Alternatively,   it   can   also   invoke   calc
       (http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/). To use calc:

       exportBCAL_USE_CALC=1bcal uses [SI and IEC binary prefixes]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix

       1.  Evaluate arithmetic expression of storage units

              $bcal"(5kb+2mb)/3"$bcal"5tb/12"$bcal"2.5mb*3"$bcal"(2giB*2)/(2kib>>2)"

       2.  Convert storage capacity to other units and get address, LBA.

              $bcal20140115b$bcal0x1335053B$bcal0xaabbcckb$bcal0xdefGib
              Note that the units are case-insensitive.

       3.  Convert storage capacity, set sector size to 4096 to calculate LBA.

              $bcal0xaabbcckb-s4096

       4.  Convert LBA to CHS.

              $bcal-fl500$bcal-fl0x600-18-0x7e$bcal-fl0x300-0x12-0x7e

       5.  Convert CHS to LBA.

              $bcal-fc10-10-10$bcal-fc0x10-0x10-0x10$bcal-fc0x10-10-2-0x12$bcal-fc-10-2-0x12$bcal-fc0x10-10--0x12

       6.  Show binary, decimal and hex representations of a number.

              $bcal-c20140115$bcal-c0b1001100110101000001010011$bcal-c0x1335053bcal>c20140115//Interactivemode

       7.  Invoke bc.

              $bcal-b'3.5*2.1+5.7'bcal>b//Interactivemodebcvars:scale=10,ibase=10,last=rbc>3.5*2.1+5.7

       8.  Pipe input.

              $printf'15kib+15gib\nr/5'|bcal-m$printf'15+15+2'|bcal-bm

       9.  Redirect from file.

              $catexpr15gib+15kibr/5$bcal-m<expr

       10. Use as a general-purpose calculator.

              $bcal-b

         * evaluate arithmetic expressions involving storage units
         * perform general purpose calculations (using bc or calc)
         * works with piped input or file redirection
         * convert to IEC/SI standard data storage units
         * interactive mode with the last valid result stored for reuse
         * show the address in bytes
         * show address as LBA:OFFSET
         * convert CHS to LBA and vice versa
         * base conversion to binary, decimal and hex
         * custom sector size, max heads/cylinder and max sectors/track
         * minimal dependencies

https://github.com/jarun/bcal

       Copyright © 2016 Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>

       License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This  is  free  software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent
       permitted by law.

Version 2.4                                        24 Jan 2022                                           BCAL(1)

       bcal - Storage expression calculator.

       1.  Interactivemode:  bcal  enters the REPL mode if no arguments are provided. Storage unit conversion,
           base conversion and expression evaluation are supported in this mode. The last valid result is stored
           in the variable r.

       2.  Expression: Expression passed as argument in one-shot mode must be within double quotes. Inner spaces
           are ignored. Supported operators: +, -, *, /, % and C bitwise operators  (except  ~  due  to  storage
           width dependency).

       3.  N[unit]:  N can be a decimal or '0x' prefixed hex value. unit can be B/KiB/MiB/GiB/TiB/kB/MB/GB/TB.
           Default is Byte. As all of these tokens are unique, unit is case-insensitive.

       4.  Numericrepresentation: Decimal and hex are recognized in expressions and unit conversions. Binary is
           also recognized in other operations.

       5.  Syntax: Prefix hex inputs with '0x', binary inputs with '0b'.

       6.  Precision: 128 bits if __uint128_t is available or 64 bits for numerical conversions. Floating  point
           operations  use  longdouble.  Negative  values  in storage expressions are unsupported. Only 64-bit
           operating systems are supported.

       7.  Fractionalbytesdonotexist, because they can't be addressed. bcal shows the floor  value  of  non-
           integer bytes.

       8.  CHSandLBAsyntax:
             - LBA: 'lLBA-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR'   [NOTE: LBA starts with 'l' (case ignored)]
             - CHS: 'cC-H-S-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR' [NOTE: CHS starts with 'c' (case ignored)]
             - Format conversion arguments must be hyphen separated.
             -  Any  unspecified  value, including the one preceding the first '-' to the one following the last
           '-', is considered '0' (zero).
             - Examples:
               - 'c-50--0x12-' -> C = 0, H = 50, S = 0, MH = 0x12, MS = 0
               - 'l50-0x12' -> LBA = 50, MH = 0x12, MS = 0

       9.  Defaultvalues:
             - sector size: 0x200 (512)
             - max heads per cylinder: 0x10 (16)
             - max sectors per track: 0x3f (63)

       10. bcvariables: scale = 10, ibase = 10. r is synced and can be used in expressions. bc is not called in
           minimal output mode. To use calc instead of bc, exportBCAL_USE_CALC=1.

-c=N   Show decimal, binary and hex representation of positive integer N.

       -f=loc Convert CHS to LBA or LBA to CHS. loc is hyphen-separated representation of  LBA  or  CHS.  Please
              refer to the OperationalNotes section for more details.

       -s=bytes
              Sector size in bytes. Default value is 512.

       -b=[expr]
              Start in bc mode. If expression is provided, evaluate in bc and quit.

       -m     Show minimal output (e.g. decimal bytes).

       -d     Enable debug information and logs.

       -h     Show program help, storage sizes on the system and exit.

b      Toggle bc mode.

       r      Show result from last operation.

       s      Show sizes of storage types.

       ?      Show prompt help.

       q,doubleEnter
              Quit the program.

https://github.com/jarun/bcal/issues

bcal[-cN][-floc][-sbytes][expr][N[unit]][-b[expr]][-m][-d][-h]