buildah-commit - Create an image from a working container.

Description

       Writes  a  new image using the specified container's read-write layer and if it is based on an image, the
       layers of that image.  If image does not begin with a registry name component, localhost will be added to
       the name.  If image is not provided, the image will have no name.  When an image has no name, the buildahimages command will display <none> in the REPOSITORY and TAG columns.

       The image value supports all transports from containers-transports(5). If no transport is specified,  the
       containers-storage (i.e., local storage) transport is used.

Environment

BUILD_REGISTRY_SOURCES

       BUILD_REGISTRY_SOURCES, if set, is treated as a JSON object which contains lists of registry names  under
       the keys insecureRegistries, blockedRegistries, and allowedRegistries.

       When committing an image, if the image is to be given a name, the portion of the name that corresponds to
       a  registry  is  compared  to the items in the blockedRegistries list, and if it matches any of them, the
       commit attempt is denied.  If there are registries in the allowedRegistries list, and the portion of  the
       name that corresponds to the registry is not in the list, the commit attempt is denied.

       TMPDIR  The TMPDIR environment variable allows the user to specify where temporary files are stored while
       pulling and pushing images.  Defaults to '/var/tmp'.

Example

       This example saves an image based on the container.
        buildahcommitcontainerIDnewImageName

       This example saves an image named newImageName based on the container and removes the working container.
        buildahcommit--rmcontainerIDnewImageName

       This example commits to an OCI archive file named /tmp/newImageName based on the container.
        buildahcommitcontainerIDoci-archive:/tmp/newImageName

       This  example  saves  an  image  with no name, removes the working container, and creates a new container
       using the image's ID.
        buildahfrom$(buildahcommit--rmcontainerID)

       This example saves an image based on the container disabling compression.
        buildahcommit--disable-compressioncontainerID

       This example saves an image named newImageName based on the container disabling compression.
        buildahcommit--disable-compressioncontainerIDnewImageName

       This example commits the container to the image on the local registry while turning off tls verification.
        buildahcommit--tls-verify=falsecontainerIDdocker://localhost:5000/imageId

       This example commits the container to the image on the local registry using credentials and  certificates
       for authentication.
        buildahcommit--cert-dir~/auth--tls-verify=true--creds=username:passwordcontainerIDdocker://localhost:5000/imageId

       This example commits the container to the  image  on  the  local  registry  using  credentials  from  the
       /tmp/auths/myauths.json file and certificates for authentication.
        buildahcommit--authfile/tmp/auths/myauths.json--cert-dir~/auth--tls-verify=true--creds=username:passwordcontainerIDdocker://localhost:5000/imageName

       This example saves an image based on the container, but stores dates based on epoch time.  buildahcommit--timestamp=0containerIDnewImageNameBuildinganmulti-architectureimageusingthe--manifestoption(requiresemulationsoftware)
       #!/bin/sh
       build() {
            ctr=$(./bin/buildah from --arch $1 ubi8)
            ./bin/buildah run $ctr dnf install -y iputils
            ./bin/buildah commit --manifest ubi8ping $ctr
       }
       build arm
       build amd64
       build s390x

Files

registries.conf (/etc/containers/registries.conf)

       registries.conf is the configuration file which specifies which container registries should be  consulted
       when completing image names which do not include a registry or domain portion.

       policy.json (/etc/containers/policy.json)

       Signature  policy  file.   This  defines the trust policy for container images.  Controls which container
       registries can be used for image, and whether or not the tool should trust the images.

Name

       buildah-commit - Create an image from a working container.

Options

--add-filesource[:destination]

Read the contents of the file source and add it to the committed image as a file at destination. If
destination is not specified, the path of source will be used. The new file will be owned by UID 0, GID
0, have 0644 permissions, and be given a current timestamp unless the --timestamp option is also
specified. This option can be specified multiple times.

--authfilepath

Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json. See containers-auth.json(5) for more information. This file is created using buildahlogin.

If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using
dockerlogin.

Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE
environment variable. exportREGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path--cert-dirpath

Use certificates at path (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry. The default certificates
directory is /etc/containers/certs.d.

--change, -c"INSTRUCTION"

Apply the change to the committed image that would have been made if it had been built using a
Containerfile which included the specified instruction. This option can be specified multiple times.

--configfilename

Read a JSON-encoded version of an image configuration object from the specified file, and merge the
values from it with the configuration of the image being committed.

--credscreds

The [username[:password]] to use to authenticate with the registry if required. If one or both values
are not supplied, a command line prompt will appear and the value can be entered. The password is
entered without echo.

--cwoptions

Produce an image suitable for use as a confidential workload running in a trusted execution environment
(TEE) using krun (i.e., crun built with the libkrun feature enabled and invoked as krun). Instead of the
conventional contents, the root filesystem of the image will contain an encrypted disk image and
configuration information for krun.

The value for options is a comma-separated list of key=value pairs, supplying configuration information
which is needed for producing the additional data which will be included in the container image.

Recognized keys are:

attestation_url: The location of a key broker / attestation server. If a value is specified, the new
image's workload ID, along with the passphrase used to encrypt the disk image, will be registered with
the server, and the server's location will be stored in the container image. At run-time, krun is
expected to contact the server to retrieve the passphrase using the workload ID, which is also stored in
the container image. If no value is specified, a passphrase value must be specified.

cpus: The number of virtual CPUs which the image expects to be run with at run-time. If not specified, a
default value will be supplied.

firmware_library: The location of the libkrunfw-sev shared library. If not specified, buildah checks for
its presence in a number of hard-coded locations.

memory: The amount of memory which the image expects to be run with at run-time, as a number of
megabytes. If not specified, a default value will be supplied.

passphrase: The passphrase to use to encrypt the disk image which will be included in the container
image. If no value is specified, but an attestation_url value is specified, a randomly-generated
passphrase will be used. The authors recommend setting an attestation_url but not a passphrase.

slop: Extra space to allocate for the disk image compared to the size of the container image's contents,
expressed either as a percentage (..%) or a size value (bytes, or larger units if suffixes like KB or MB
are present), or a sum of two or more such specifications separated by "+". If not specified, buildah
guesses that 25% more space than the contents will be enough, but this option is provided in case its
guess is wrong. If the specified or computed size is less than 10 megabytes, it will be increased to 10
megabytes.

type: The type of trusted execution environment (TEE) which the image should be marked for use with.
Accepted values are "SEV" (AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Encrypted State) and "SNP" (AMD Secure
Encrypted Virtualization - Secure Nested Paging). If not specified, defaults to "SNP".

workload_id: A workload identifier which will be recorded in the container image, to be used at run-time
for retrieving the passphrase which was used to encrypt the disk image. If not specified, a semi-random
value will be derived from the base image's image ID.

--disable-compression, -D

Don't compress filesystem layers when building the image unless it is required by the location where the
image is being written. This is the default setting, because image layers are compressed automatically
when they are pushed to registries, and images being written to local storage would only need to be
decompressed again to be stored. Compression can be forced in all cases by specifying --disable-compression=false.

--encrypt-layerlayer(s)

Layer(s) to encrypt: 0-indexed layer indices with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first
layer, -1 is the last layer). If not defined, will encrypt all layers if encryption-key flag is
specified.

--encryption-keykey

The [protocol:keyfile] specifies the encryption protocol, which can be JWE (RFC7516), PGP (RFC4880), and
PKCS7 (RFC2315) and the key material required for image encryption. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or
pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file.

--format, -f[oci|docker]

Control the format for the image manifest and configuration data. Recognized formats include oci (OCI
image-spec v1.0, the default) and docker (version 2, using schema format 2 for the manifest).

Note: You can also override the default format by setting the BUILDAH_FORMAT environment variable.
exportBUILDAH_FORMAT=docker--identity-labelbool-value

Adds default identity label io.buildah.version if set. (default true).

--iidfileImageIDfile

Write the image ID to the file.

--manifest "listName"

Name of the manifest list to which the built image will be added. Creates the manifest list if it does
not exist. This option is useful for building multi architecture images.

--omit-historybool-value

Omit build history information in the built image. (default false).

This option is useful for the cases where end users explicitly want to set --omit-history to omit the
optional History from built images or when working with images built using build tools that do not
include History information in their images.

--pull

When the --pull flag is enabled or set explicitly to true (with --pull=true), attempt to pull the latest
versions of SBOM scanner images from the registries listed in registries.conf if a local SBOM scanner
image does not exist or the image in the registry is newer than the one in local storage. Raise an error
if the SBOM scanner image is not in any listed registry and is not present locally.

If the flag is disabled (with --pull=false), do not pull SBOM scanner images from registries, use only
local versions. Raise an error if a SBOM scanner image is not present locally.

If the pull flag is set to always (with --pull=always), pull SBOM scanner images from the registries
listed in registries.conf. Raise an error if a SBOM scanner image is not found in the registries, even
if an image with the same name is present locally.

If the pull flag is set to missing (with --pull=missing), pull SBOM scanner images only if they could not
be found in the local containers storage. Raise an error if no image could be found and the pull fails.

If the pull flag is set to never (with --pull=never), do not pull SBOM scanner images from registries,
use only the local versions. Raise an error if the image is not present locally.

--quiet, -q

When writing the output image, suppress progress output.

--rm Remove the working container and its contents after creating the image. Default leaves the
container and its content in place.

--sbompreset

Generate SBOMs (Software Bills Of Materials) for the output image by scanning the working container and
build contexts using the named combination of scanner image, scanner commands, and merge strategy. Must
be specified with one or more of --sbom-image-output, --sbom-image-purl-output, --sbom-output, and
--sbom-purl-output. Recognized presets, and the set of options which they equate to:

• "syft", "syft-cyclonedx":
--sbom-scanner-image=ghcr.io/anchore/syft
--sbom-scanner-command="/syft scan -q dir:{ROOTFS} --output cyclonedx-json={OUTPUT}"
--sbom-scanner-command="/syft scan -q dir:{CONTEXT} --output cyclonedx-json={OUTPUT}"
--sbom-merge-strategy=merge-cyclonedx-by-component-name-and-version

• "syft-spdx":
--sbom-scanner-image=ghcr.io/anchore/syft
--sbom-scanner-command="/syft scan -q dir:{ROOTFS} --output spdx-json={OUTPUT}"
--sbom-scanner-command="/syft scan -q dir:{CONTEXT} --output spdx-json={OUTPUT}"
--sbom-merge-strategy=merge-spdx-by-package-name-and-versioninfo

• "trivy", "trivy-cyclonedx":
--sbom-scanner-image=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy
--sbom-scanner-command="trivy filesystem -q {ROOTFS} --format cyclonedx --output {OUTPUT}"
--sbom-scanner-command="trivy filesystem -q {CONTEXT} --format cyclonedx --output {OUTPUT}"
--sbom-merge-strategy=merge-cyclonedx-by-component-name-and-version

• "trivy-spdx":
--sbom-scanner-image=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy
--sbom-scanner-command="trivy filesystem -q {ROOTFS} --format spdx-json --output {OUTPUT}"
--sbom-scanner-command="trivy filesystem -q {CONTEXT} --format spdx-json --output {OUTPUT}"
--sbom-merge-strategy=merge-spdx-by-package-name-and-versioninfo

--sbom-image-outputpath

When generating SBOMs, store the generated SBOM in the specified path in the output image. There is no
default.

--sbom-image-purl-outputpath

When generating SBOMs, scan them for PURL (package URL
⟨https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec/blob/master/PURL-SPECIFICATION.rst⟩) information, and save a
list of found PURLs to the named file in the local filesystem. There is no default.

--sbom-merge-strategymethod

If more than one --sbom-scanner-command value is being used, use the specified method to merge the output
from later commands with output from earlier commands. Recognized values include:

• cat
Concatenate the files.

• merge-cyclonedx-by-component-name-and-version
Merge the "component" fields of JSON documents, ignoring values from
documents when the combination of their "name" and "version" values is
already present. Documents are processed in the order in which they are
generated, which is the order in which the commands that generate them
were specified.

• merge-spdx-by-package-name-and-versioninfo
Merge the "package" fields of JSON documents, ignoring values from
documents when the combination of their "name" and "versionInfo" values is
already present. Documents are processed in the order in which they are
generated, which is the order in which the commands that generate them
were specified.

--sbom-outputfile

When generating SBOMs, store the generated SBOM in the named file on the local filesystem. There is no
default.

--sbom-purl-outputfile

--sbom-scanner-commandimage

Generate SBOMs by running the specified command from the scanner image. If multiple commands are
specified, they are run in the order in which they are specified. These text substitutions are
performed:
- {ROOTFS}
The root of the built image's filesystem, bind mounted.
- {CONTEXT}
The build context and additional build contexts, bind mounted.
- {OUTPUT}
The name of a temporary output file, to be read and merged with others or copied elsewhere.

--sbom-scanner-imageimage

Generate SBOMs using the specified scanner image.

--sign-byfingerprint

Sign the new image using the GPG key that matches the specified fingerprint.

--squash

Squash all of the new image's layers (including those inherited from a base image) into a single new
layer.

--timestampseconds

Set the create timestamp to seconds since epoch to allow for deterministic builds (defaults to current
time). By default, the created timestamp is changed and written into the image manifest with every
commit, causing the image's sha256 hash to be different even if the sources are exactly the same
otherwise. When --timestamp is set, the created timestamp is always set to the time specified and
therefore not changed, allowing the image's sha256 to remain the same. All files committed to the layers
of the image will be created with the timestamp.

--tls-verifybool-value

Require HTTPS and verification of certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true).
TLS verification cannot be used when talking to an insecure registry.

--unsetenvenv

Unset environment variables from the final image.

Return Value

       The image ID of the image that was created.  On error, 1 is returned and errno is returned.

Synopsis

buildahcommit [options] container [image]