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comm - compare two sorted files line by line

Author

       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

Description

       Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.

       When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.

       With  no  options,  produce  three-column  output.  Column one contains lines unique to FILE1, column two
       contains lines unique to FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both files.

       -1     suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)

       -2     suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)

       -3     suppress column 3 (lines that appear in both files)

       --check-order
              check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input lines are pairable

       --nocheck-order
              do not check that the input is correctly sorted

       --output-delimiter=STR
              separate columns with STR

       --total
              output a summary

       -z, --zero-terminated
              line delimiter is NUL, not newline

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       Comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'.

Examples

       comm -12 file1 file2
              Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.

       comm -3 file1 file2
              Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.

Name

       comm - compare two sorted files line by line

Reporting Bugs

       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

See Also

join(1), uniq(1)

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) comm invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.5                                  April 2025                                            COMM(1)

Synopsis

comm [OPTION]... FILE1FILE2

See Also