ogr2ogr can be used to convert simple features data between file formats. It can also perform various
operations during the process, such as spatial or attribute selection, reducing the set of attributes,
setting the output coordinate system or even reprojecting the features during translation.
--help Show this help message and exit
--help-general
Gives a brief usage message for the generic GDAL commandline options and exit.
-if<format>
Format/driver name to be attempted to open the input file(s). It is generally not necessary to
specify it, but it can be used to skip automatic driver detection, when it fails to select the
appropriate driver. This option can be repeated several times to specify several candidate
drivers. Note that it does not force those drivers to open the dataset. In particular, some
drivers have requirements on file extensions.
New in version 3.2.
-of<format_name>,-f<format_name>
Output file format name, e.g. ESRIShapefile, MapInfoFile, PostgreSQL. Starting with GDAL 2.3,
if not specified, the format is guessed from the extension (previously was ESRI Shapefile).
-append
Append to existing layer instead of creating new. This option also enables -update.
-upsert
New in version 3.6.
Variant of -append where the OGRLayer::UpsertFeature() operation is used to insert or update
features instead of appending with OGRLayer::CreateFeature().
This is currently implemented only in a few drivers: GPKG--GeoPackagevector and MongoDBv3.
The upsert operation uses the FID of the input feature, when it is set and is a "significant"
(that is the FID column name is not the empty string), as the key to update existing features. It
is crucial to make sure that the FID in the source and target layers are consistent.
For the GPKG driver, it is also possible to upsert features whose FID is unset or non-significant
(-unsetFid can be used to ignore the FID from the source feature), when there is a UNIQUE column
that is not the integer primary key.
-overwrite
Delete the output layer and recreate it empty
-update
Open existing output datasource in update mode rather than trying to create a new one
-select<field_list>
Comma-delimited list of fields from input layer to copy to the new layer.
Starting with GDAL 3.9, field names with spaces, commas or double-quote should be surrounded with
a starting and ending double-quote character, and double-quote characters in a field name should
be escaped with backslash.
Depending on the shell used, this might require further quoting. For example, to select
regular_field, a_field_withspace,andcomma and afieldwith"doublequote with a Unix shell:
-select "regular_field,\"a_field_with space, and comma\",\"a field with \\\" double quote\""
A field is only selected once, even if mentioned several times in the list and if the input layer
has duplicate field names.
Geometry fields can also be specified in the list.
All fields are selected when -select is not specified. Specifying the empty string can be used to
disable selecting any attribute field, and only keep geometries.
Note this setting cannot be used together with -append. To control the selection of fields when
appending to a layer, use -fieldmap or -sql.
-progress
Display progress on terminal. Only works if input layers have the "fast feature count" capability.
-sql<sql_statement>|@<filename>
SQL statement to execute. The resulting table/layer will be saved to the output. Starting with
GDAL 2.1, the @filename syntax can be used to indicate that the content is in the pointed
filename. (Cannot be used with -spat_srs.)
-dialect<dialect>
SQL dialect. In some cases can be used to use the (unoptimized) OGRSQLdialect instead of the
native SQL of an RDBMS by passing the OGRSQL dialect value. The SQLSQLitedialect dialect can be
chosen with the SQLITE and INDIRECT_SQLITE dialect values, and this can be used with any
datasource.
-where<restricted_where>
Attribute query (like SQL WHERE). Starting with GDAL 2.1, the @filename syntax can be used to
indicate that the content is in the pointed filename.
-skipfailures
Continue after a failure, skipping the failed feature.
-spat<xmin><ymin><xmax><ymax>
spatial query extents, in the SRS of the source layer(s) (or the one specified with -spat_srs).
Only features whose geometry intersects the extents will be selected. The geometries will not be
clipped unless -clipsrc is specified.
-spat_srs<srs_def>
Override spatial filter SRS. (Cannot be used with -sql.)
-geomfield<field>
Name of the geometry field on which the spatial filter operates on.
-dsco<NAME>=<VALUE>
Dataset creation option (format specific)
-lco<NAME>=<VALUE>
Layer creation option (format specific)
-nln<name>
Assign an alternate name to the new layer
-nlt<type>
Define the geometry type for the created layer. One of NONE, GEOMETRY, POINT, LINESTRING, POLYGON,
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION, MULTIPOINT, MULTIPOLYGON, MULTILINESTRING, CIRCULARSTRING, COMPOUNDCURVE,
CURVEPOLYGON, MULTICURVE, and MULTISURFACE non-linear geometry types. Add Z, M, or ZM to the type
name to specify coordinates with elevation, measure, or elevation and measure. PROMOTE_TO_MULTI
can be used to automatically promote layers that mix polygon or multipolygons to multipolygons,
and layers that mix linestrings or multilinestrings to multilinestrings. Can be useful when
converting shapefiles to PostGIS and other target drivers that implement strict checks for
geometry types. CONVERT_TO_LINEAR can be used to to convert non-linear geometry types into linear
geometry types by approximating them, and CONVERT_TO_CURVE to promote a non-linear type to its
generalized curve type (POLYGON to CURVEPOLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON to MULTISURFACE, LINESTRING to
COMPOUNDCURVE, MULTILINESTRING to MULTICURVE). Starting with version 2.1 the type can be defined
as measured ("25D" remains as an alias for single "Z"). Some forced geometry conversions may
result in invalid geometries, for example when forcing conversion of multi-part multipolygons with
-nltPOLYGON, the resulting polygon will break the Simple Features rules.
Starting with GDAL 3.0.5, -nltCONVERT_TO_LINEAR and -nltPROMOTE_TO_MULTI can be used
simultaneously.
-dim<val>
Force the coordinate dimension to val (valid values are XY, XYZ, XYM, and XYZM - for backwards
compatibility 2 is an alias for XY and 3 is an alias for XYZ). This affects both the layer
geometry type, and feature geometries. The value can be set to layer_dim to instruct feature
geometries to be promoted to the coordinate dimension declared by the layer. Support for M was
added in GDAL 2.1.
-a_srs<srs_def>
Assign an output SRS, but without reprojecting (use -t_srs to reproject)
The coordinate reference systems that can be passed are anything supported by the
OGRSpatialReference::SetFromUserInput() call, which includes EPSG Projected, Geographic or
Compound CRS (i.e. EPSG:4296), a well known text (WKT) CRS definition, PROJ.4 declarations, or the
name of a .prj file containing a WKT CRS definition.
-a_coord_epoch<epoch>
New in version 3.4.
Assign a coordinate epoch, linked with the output SRS. Useful when the output SRS is a dynamic
CRS. Only taken into account if -a_srs is used.
-t_srs<srs_def>
Reproject/transform to this SRS on output, and assign it as output SRS.
A source SRS must be available for reprojection to occur. The source SRS will be by default the
one found in the source layer when it is available, or as overridden by the user with -s_srs
The coordinate reference systems that can be passed are anything supported by the
OGRSpatialReference::SetFromUserInput() call, which includes EPSG Projected, Geographic or
Compound CRS (i.e. EPSG:4296), a well known text (WKT) CRS definition, PROJ.4 declarations, or the
name of a .prj file containing a WKT CRS definition.
-t_coord_epoch<epoch>
New in version 3.4.
Assign a coordinate epoch, linked with the output SRS. Useful when the output SRS is a dynamic
CRS. Only taken into account if -t_srs is used. It is also mutually exclusive with
-a_coord_epoch.
Before PROJ 9.4, -s_coord_epoch and -t_coord_epoch were mutually exclusive, due to lack of support
for transformations between two dynamic CRS.
-s_srs<srs_def>
Override source SRS. If not specified the SRS found in the input layer will be used. This option
has only an effect if used together with -t_srs to reproject.
The coordinate reference systems that can be passed are anything supported by the
OGRSpatialReference::SetFromUserInput() call, which includes EPSG Projected, Geographic or
Compound CRS (i.e. EPSG:4296), a well known text (WKT) CRS definition, PROJ.4 declarations, or the
name of a .prj file containing a WKT CRS definition.
-xyRes"<val>[m|mm|deg]"
New in version 3.9.
Set/override the geometry X/Y coordinate resolution. If only a numeric value is specified, it is
assumed to be expressed in the units of the target SRS. The m, mm or deg suffixes can be
specified to indicate that the value must be interpreted as being in meter, millimeter or degree.
When specifying this option, the OGRGeometry::SetPrecision() method is run on geometries (that are
not curves) before passing them to the output driver, to avoid generating invalid geometries due
to the potentially reduced precision (unless the OGR_APPLY_GEOM_SET_PRECISION configuration option
is set to NO)
If neither this option nor -unsetCoordPrecision are specified, the coordinate resolution of the
source layer, if available, is used.
-zRes"<val>[m|mm]"
New in version 3.9.
Set/override the geometry Z coordinate resolution. If only a numeric value is specified, it is
assumed to be expressed in the units of the target SRS. The m or mm suffixes can be specified to
indicate that the value must be interpreted as being in meter or millimeter. If neither this
option nor -unsetCoordPrecision are specified, the coordinate resolution of the source layer, if
available, is used.
-mRes<val>
New in version 3.9.
Set/override the geometry M coordinate resolution. If neither this option nor
-unsetCoordPrecision are specified, the coordinate resolution of the source layer, if available,
is used.
-unsetCoordPrecision
New in version 3.9.
Prevent the geometry coordinate resolution from being set on target layer(s).
-s_coord_epoch<epoch>
New in version 3.4.
Assign a coordinate epoch, linked with the source SRS. Useful when the source SRS is a dynamic
CRS. Only taken into account if -s_srs is used.
Before PROJ 9.4, -s_coord_epoch and -t_coord_epoch were mutually exclusive, due to lack of support
for transformations between two dynamic CRS.
-ct<string>
A PROJ string (single step operation or multiple step string starting with +proj=pipeline), a WKT2
string describing a CoordinateOperation, or a urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::XXXX URN
overriding the default transformation from the source to the target CRS.
It must take into account the axis order of the source and target CRS, that is typically include a
stepproj=axisswaporder=2,1 at the beginning of the pipeline if the source CRS has
northing/easting axis order, and/or at the end of the pipeline if the target CRS has
northing/easting axis order.
New in version 3.0.
-preserve_fid
Use the FID of the source features instead of letting the output driver automatically assign a new
one (for formats that require a FID). If not in append mode, this behavior is the default if the
output driver has a FID layer creation option, in which case the name of the source FID column
will be used and source feature IDs will be attempted to be preserved. This behavior can be
disabled by setting -unsetFid. This option is not compatible with -explodecollections.
-fid<fid>
If provided, only the feature with the specified feature id will be processed. Operates exclusive
of the spatial or attribute queries. Note: if you want to select several features based on their
feature id, you can also use the fact the 'fid' is a special field recognized by OGR SQL. So,
-where"fidin(1,3,5)" would select features 1, 3 and 5.
-limit<nb_features>
Limit the number of features per layer.
-oo<NAME>=<VALUE>
Input dataset open option (format specific).
-doo<NAME>=<VALUE>
Destination dataset open option (format specific), only valid in -update mode.
-gt<n>
Group n features per transaction (default 100 000). Increase the value for better performance when
writing into DBMS drivers that have transaction support. n can be set to unlimited to load the
data into a single transaction.
-ds_transaction
Force the use of a dataset level transaction (for drivers that support such mechanism), especially
for drivers such as FileGDB that only support dataset level transaction in emulation mode.
-clipsrc[<xmin><ymin><xmax><ymax>]|WKT|<datasource>|spat_extent
Clip geometries (before potential reprojection) to one of the following:
• the specified bounding box (expressed in source SRS)
• a WKT geometry (POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON expressed in source SRS)
• one or more geometries selected from a datasource
• the spatial extent of the -spat option if you use the spat_extent keyword.
When specifying a datasource, you will generally want to use -clipsrc in combination of the
-clipsrclayer, -clipsrcwhere or -clipsrcsql options.
-clipsrcsql<sql_statement>
Select desired geometries from the source clip datasource using an SQL query.
-clipsrclayer<layername>
Select the named layer from the source clip datasource.
-clipsrcwhere<expression>
Restrict desired geometries from the source clip layer based on an attribute query.
-clipdst[<xmin><ymin><xmax><ymax>]|<WKT>|<datasource>
Clip geometries (after potential reprojection) to one of the following:
• the specified bounding box (expressed in destination SRS)
• a WKT geometry (POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON expressed in destination SRS)
• one or more geometries selected from a datasource
When specifying a datasource, you will generally want to use -clipdst in combination with the
-clipdstlayer, -clipdstwhere or -clipdstsql options.
-clipdstsql<sql_statement>
Select desired geometries from the destination clip datasource using an SQL query.
-clipdstlayer<layername>
Select the named layer from the destination clip datasource.
-clipdstwhere<expression>
Restrict desired geometries from the destination clip layer based on an attribute query.
-wrapdateline
Split geometries crossing the dateline meridian (long. = +/- 180deg)
-datelineoffset
Offset from dateline in degrees (default long. = +/- 10deg, geometries within 170deg to -170deg
will be split)
-simplify<tolerance>
Distance tolerance for simplification. Note: the algorithm used preserves topology per feature, in
particular for polygon geometries, but not for a whole layer.
The specified value of this option is the tolerance used to merge consecutive points of the output
geometry using the OGRGeometry::Simplify() method The unit of the distance is in georeferenced
units of the source vector dataset. This option is applied before the reprojection implied by
-t_srs-segmentize<max_dist>
The specified value of this option is the maximum distance between two consecutive points of the
output geometry before intermediate points are added. The unit of the distance is georeferenced
units of the source raster. This option is applied before the reprojection implied by -t_srs-makevalid
Run the OGRGeometry::MakeValid() operation, followed by
OGRGeometryFactory::removeLowerDimensionSubGeoms(), on geometries to ensure they are valid
regarding the rules of the Simple Features specification.
-skipinvalid
Run the OGRGeometry::IsValid() operation on geometries to check if they are valid regarding the
rules of the Simple Features specification. If they are not, the feature is skipped. This check
is done after all other geometry operations.
-fieldTypeToStringAll|<type1>[,<type2>]...
Converts any field of the specified type to a field of type string in the destination layer. Valid
types are : Integer, Integer64, Real, String, Date, Time, DateTime, Binary, IntegerList,
Integer64List, RealList, StringList. Special value All can be used to convert all fields to
strings. This is an alternate way to using the CAST operator of OGR SQL, that may avoid typing a
long SQL query. Note that this does not influence the field types used by the source driver, and
is only an afterwards conversion. Also note that this option is without effects on fields whose
presence and type is hard-coded in the output driver (e.g KML, GPX)
-mapFieldType{<srctype>|All=<dsttype>[,<srctype2>=<dsttype2>]...}
Converts any field of the specified type to another type. Valid types are : Integer, Integer64,
Real, String, Date, Time, DateTime, Binary, IntegerList, Integer64List, RealList, StringList.
Types can also include subtype between parenthesis, such as Integer(Boolean), Real(Float32), ...
Special value All can be used to convert all fields to another type. This is an alternate way to
using the CAST operator of OGR SQL, that may avoid typing a long SQL query. This is a
generalization of -fieldTypeToString. Note that this does not influence the field types used by
the source driver, and is only an afterwards conversion. Also note that this option is without
effects on fields whose presence and type is hard-coded in the output driver (e.g KML, GPX)
-dateTimeTo{UTC|UTC(+|-)<HH>|UTC(+|-)<HH>:<MM>}
Converts date time values from the timezone specified in the source value to the target timezone
expressed with -dateTimeTo. Datetime whose timezone is unknown or localtime are not modified.
HH must be in the [0,14] range and MM=00, 15, 30 or 45.
-unsetFieldWidth
Set field width and precision to 0.
-splitlistfields
Split fields of type StringList, RealList or IntegerList into as many fields of type String, Real
or Integer as necessary.
-maxsubfields<val>
To be combined with -splitlistfields to limit the number of subfields created for each split
field.
-explodecollections
Produce one feature for each geometry in any kind of geometry collection in the source file,
applied after any -sql option. This options is not compatible with -preserve_fid but -sql"SELECTfidASoriginal_fid,*FROM..." can be used to store the original FID if needed.
-zfield<field_name>
Uses the specified field to fill the Z coordinate of geometries.
-gcp<ungeoref_x><ungeoref_y><georef_x><georef_y>[<elevation>]
Use the indicated ground control point to compute a coordinate transformation. The transformation
method can be selected by specifying the -order or -tps options. Note that unlike raster tools
such as gdal_edit or gdal_translate, GCPs are not added to the output dataset. This option may be
provided multiple times to provide a set of GCPs (at least 2 GCPs are needed).
-order<n>
Order of polynomial used for warping (1 to 3). The default is to select a polynomial order based
on the number of GCPs.
-tps Force use of thin plate spline transformer based on available GCPs.
-fieldmap
Specifies the list of field indexes to be copied from the source to the destination. The (n)th
value specified in the list is the index of the field in the target layer definition in which the
n(th) field of the source layer must be copied. Index count starts at zero. To omit a field,
specify a value of -1. There must be exactly as many values in the list as the count of the fields
in the source layer. We can use the 'identity' setting to specify that the fields should be
transferred by using the same order. This setting should be used along with the -append setting.
-addfields
This is a specialized version of -append. Contrary to -append, -addfields has the effect of
adding, to existing target layers, the new fields found in source layers. This option is useful
when merging files that have non-strictly identical structures. This might not work for output
formats that don't support adding fields to existing non-empty layers. Note that if you plan to
use -addfields, you may need to combine it with -forceNullable, including for the initial import.
-relaxedFieldNameMatch
Do field name matching between source and existing target layer in a more relaxed way if the
target driver has an implementation for it.
-forceNullable
Do not propagate not-nullable constraints to target layer if they exist in source layer.
-unsetDefault
Do not propagate default field values to target layer if they exist in source layer.
-unsetFid
Can be specified to prevent the name of the source FID column and source feature IDs from being
re-used for the target layer. This option can for example be useful if selecting source features
with a ORDER BY clause.
-emptyStrAsNull
New in version 3.3.
Treat empty string values as null.
-resolveDomains
New in version 3.3.
When this is specified, any selected field that is linked to a coded field domain will be
accompanied by an additional field ({dstfield}_resolved), that will contain the description of the
coded value.
-nomd To disable copying of metadata from source dataset and layers into target dataset and layers, when
supported by output driver.
-mo<META-TAG>=<VALUE>
Passes a metadata key and value to set on the output dataset, when supported by output driver.
-noNativeData
To disable copying of native data, i.e. details of source format not captured by OGR abstraction,
that are otherwise preserved by some drivers (like GeoJSON) when converting to same format.
New in version 2.1.
<dst_dataset_name>
Output dataset name.
<src_dataset_name>
Source dataset name.
<layer_name>
One or more source layer names to copy to the output dataset. If no layer names are passed, then
all source layers are copied.
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